Debian packaging: Difference between revisions

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== Package repository ==
#REDIRECT [[swhdocs:sysadm/deployment/howto-debian-packaging.html]]
 
A package repository is available on https://debian.softwareheritage.org/.
 
Unstable / Testing :
  deb [trusted=yes] https://debian.softwareheritage.org/ unstable main
 
Stable / Stretch :
  deb [trusted=yes] https://debian.softwareheritage.org/ stretch-swh main
 
This package repository is handled via reprepro on pergamon.internal.softwareheritage.org (base directory : /srv/softwareheritage/repository).
 
=== Uploading packages ===
 
Packages are added to the repository using <tt>reprepro -vb /srv/softwareheritage/repository processincoming incoming</tt>.
 
For packages to be accepted, they need to be :
# A changes file uploaded to <tt>/srv/softwareheritage/repository/incoming</tt>
# Targetted at one of the supported distributions (unstable, unstable-swh, stretch, stretch-backports, stretch-backports-swh), jessie, jessie-backports, jessie-backports-swh)
# Signed by one of the keys listed in /srv/softwareheritage/repository/conf/uploaders
 
 
== Git repositories for Debian packages ==
 
Our git repository structure for Debian packages is compatible with <tt>git-buildpackage</tt>.
 
We have two different ways of handling repositories for Debian packages:
* Packages of python modules where *we* are upstream
* Packages of dependencies from another upstream (this also encompasses upstream Debian packages that we wish to backport for deployment)
 
For these classes of packages, we have two sets of (identical) Jenkins jobs to handle building and uploading these packages to our package repository. The structure of the packaging branches for both classes is pretty much the same, the repositories only differ on how we handle upstream commits:
* Our own modules are merged with the upstream repository
* External dependencies ignore the upstream repository and only have packaging branches.
 
=== Branch and tags structure ===
 
Our debian packaging Jenkins jobs expect the following branches, which are pretty close to what https://dep-team.pages.debian.net/deps/dep14/ mandates:
* debian/upstream (history of unpacked upstream releases)
* debian/<suite> (history of the packaging of the given suite, e.g. unstable-swh, stretch-swh)
* pristine-tar (data to regenerate upstream tarballs from a git export)
 
The name of the debian/upstream branch doesn't matter ''as long as it's properly configured in the <tt>debian/gbp.conf</tt> file''. It's only really used by <tt>gbp import-orig</tt> when importing a new release.
 
The tags marking upstream releases imported from tarballs for Debian packaging purposes are named <tt>debian/upstream/''<upstream version number>''</tt>.
 
Our Jenkins jobs are triggered on incoming tags named <tt>debian/''<version>''</tt>. To generate the proper tags, use <tt>gbp buildpackage --git-tag-only</tt>.
 
The git-buildpackage configuration, <tt>debian/gbp.conf</tt>, should be the following:
[DEFAULT]
upstream-branch=debian/upstream
upstream-tag=debian/upstream/%(version)s
debian-branch=debian/''<current suite>''
pristine-tar=True
 
==== Automatic packaging for swh python modules ====
 
The <tt>swh.*</tt> python modules have an extra jenkins job that updates the packaging automatically when we do an upstream release. This job only runs <tt>gbp import-orig</tt> with the tarball we release to PyPI, and the right options to merge the upstream history.
 
To merge changes from the upstream history, we add the following option to <tt>gbp.conf</tt>:
upstream-vcs-tag=v%(version)s
 
=== Bootstrapping a dependency packaging repository ===
 
Bootstrapping the packaging repository for a dependency is analoguous to regular Debian practices:
 
Download the upstream tarball. For PyPI, use the redirector at http://pypi.debian.net/<pkgname>/
wget http://pypi.debian.net/pytest-postgresql/pytest-postgresql-1.3.4.tar.gz
 
Create a new git repository
mkdir pytest-postgresql
cd pytest-postgresql
git init
 
Import the original upstream version
git checkout -b debian/unstable-swh
gbp import-orig --pristine-tar --upstream-branch=debian/upstream --upstream-tag=debian/upstream/%(version)s --debian-branch=debian/unstable-swh ../pytest-postgresql-1.3.4.tar.gz
# What will be the source package name? [pytest-postgresql]
# What is the upstream version? [1.3.4]
# gbp:info: Importing '../pytest-postgresql-1.3.4.tar.gz' to branch 'debian/upstream'...
# gbp:info: Source package is pytest-postgresql
# gbp:info: Upstream version is 1.3.4
# gbp:info: Successfully imported version 1.3.4 of ../pytest-postgresql-1.3.4.tar.gz
 
Bootstrap the debian directory
mkdir debian
mkdir debian/source
echo '3.0 (quilt)' > debian/source/format
cat > debian/gbp.conf << EOF
[DEFAULT]
upstream-branch=debian/upstream
upstream-tag=debian/upstream/%(version)s
debian-branch=debian/unstable-swh
pristine-tar=True
EOF
cp /usr/share/doc/debhelper/examples/rules.tiny debian/rules
vim debian/control
# [...] adapt debian/control from another package
dch --create --package pytest-postgresql --newversion 1.3.4-1+swh1
vim debian/copyright
# [...] adapt debian/copyright from another package
git add debian
git commit -m "Initial packaging for pytest-postgresql"
 
You can then go on to try building the package. Once the package builds, if you want to check your package's conformance to Debian policy, you can run <tt>lintian</tt> on the changes:
lintian -EI ../pytest-postgresql_1.3.4-1+swh1_amd64.changes
 
Note that you have to ignore warnings about unknown distributions, as we're building specifically for our repository
 
We need to use a <tt>+swh1</tt> version suffix to avoid clashing with potential upstream Debian package versions.
 
==== Bootstrapping the backport branches ====
 
During most of the operation, backports should happen automatically as we have a Jenkins job that generates backports on successful builds. However, when creating a packaging repository, we need to bootstrap the branches once, before Jenkins is able to do the work automatically.
 
The backport branches should (ideally) be bootstrapped from a debian tag that has successfully built on Jenkins.
 
Checkout the new branch
git checkout debian/<version number>
git checkout -b debian/stretch-swh
 
Update the gbp config to match the branch
sed -i s/unstable-swh/stretch-swh/ debian/gbp.conf
 
Generate the initial backports entry. Use the current Debian version number (9 for stretch, 10 for buster, ...)
dch -l ~bpo9 -D stretch-swh --force-distribution 'Rebuild for stretch-swh'
 
You should then be able to try a local package build, and if that succeeds, to push the tag for Jenkins to autobuild.
 
==== Setting up the repository on Phabricator ====
 
The repository on Phabricator needs the following settings:
* Callsign: non-empty (prefix should be P according to https://wiki.softwareheritage.org/wiki/Phabricator_callsign_naming_convention)
* Short name: non-empty (used to make pretty git clone URLs; ideally matching the source package name)
* Repository tags: "Has debian packaging branches" (allows Jenkins to push on the debian/* branches)
* Policy
** View: Public (no login required)
** Edit: Developers
** Push: All users (actual restrictions are handled by Herald rules)
* Activate the repository
* Look up the path to the repository on the storage tab
 
You need to setup the post-receive hook for Jenkins to be able to trigger on tag pushes.
ssh -t tate.internal.softwareheritage.org phabricator-setup-hook <repository-path> post-receive-debian-deps
 
==== Setting up the Jenkins jobs ====
 
The Jenkins jobs are accessible through the ui: https://jenkins.softwareheritage.org/view/Debian%20dependency%20packages/
They are declared in the repository: https://forge.softwareheritage.org/source/swh-jenkins-jobs
 
Jobs for dependency packages are configured in <tt>jobs/dependency-packages.yaml</tt>. You can add a section as follows:
 
- project:
    name: <Callsign>
    display-name: <short-name>
    pkg: <source-name>
    jobs:
      - 'dependency-jobs-{name}'
 
Use the regular review process to land your changes.
Once your changes are pushed, a dedicated Jenkins job will generate the jobs from the configuration.
 
If your package needs extra repositories to build, you can add them as comma-separated values to the <tt>deb-extra-repositories</tt> setting, with the following notes:
* When building packages for the "*-swh" suites, the Software Heritage Debian repository is automatically enabled.
* When building packages for backports suites, the backports repository is automatically enabled.
 
=== Local package building ===
 
To locally test a package build, go on the appropriate debian packaging branch, and run
gbp buildpackage --git-builder=sbuild -As --no-clean-source
 
<tt>gbp buildpackage</tt> passes all options not starting with <tt>--git-</tt> to the builder. Some useful options are the following:
 
* <tt>--git-ignore-new</tt> builds from the working tree, with all the uncommitted changes. Useful for quick iteration when something *just* *doesn't* *work*.
* <tt>--no-clean-source</tt> doesn't run debian/rules clean outside of the chroot, so you don't have to clutter your dev machine with all build dependencies
* <tt>--extra-repository="'''repository specification'''"</tt> adds the given repository in the chroot before building.
* <tt>--extra-repository-key='''repository signing key'''</tt> adds the given key as a trusted gpg key for package sources
* <tt>--extra-package='''<.deb file or directory>'''</tt> makes the given package (or all .deb packages in the given directory) available for dependency resolution. Useful when testing builds with a dependency chain.
* <tt>--force-orig-source</tt> forces addition of the <tt>.orig.tar.gz</tt> file in the <tt>.changes</tt> file (useful when trying to upload a backport)
 
See <tt>gbp help buildpackage</tt> and <tt>man sbuild</tt> for a full description of all options
 
for example:
gbp buildpackage --git-builder=sbuild -As --force-orig-source --extra-repository='deb [trusted=yes] https://debian.softwareheritage.org/ stretch-swh main'
 
 
(TODO: rewrite bin/make-package as bin/swh-gbp-buildpackage wrapping <tt>gbp buildpackage</tt> with the most common options)
 
=== Remote package building ===
 
Jenkins builds packages when the repository receives a tag.
 
Once the local build succeeds, tag the package with:
gbp buildpackage --git-tag-only --git-sign-tags
 
Alternatively, you can add the <tt>--git-tag</tt> option to your <tt>gbp buildpackage</tt> command so the tag happens automatically on a successful build.
 
Then, push your tag, and Jenkins jobs should get triggered
git push --tags
 
== Build Environment setup ==
 
Our automated packaging setup uses sbuild, which is also used by the Debian build daemons themselves. This section shows how to set it up for local use.
 
=== sbuild setup ===
 
# Install the package
sudo apt-get install sbuild
# Add your user to the sbuild group, to allow him to use the sbuild commands
sudo sbuild-adduser $USER
# You have to logout and log back in
# Prepare chroots
sudo mkdir /srv/chroots
sudo mkdir /srv/chroots/var
# Optionally create a separate filesystem for /srv/chroots and move the sbuild/schroot data to that partition
sudo rsync -avz --delete /var/lib/schroot/ /srv/chroots/var/schroot/
sudo rm -r /var/lib/schroot
sudo ln -sf /srv/chroots/var/schroot /var/lib/schroot
sudo rsync -avz --delete /var/lib/sbuild/ /srv/chroots/var/sbuild/
sudo rm -r /var/lib/sbuild
sudo ln -sf /srv/chroots/var/sbuild /var/lib/sbuild
# end optionally
# Create unstable/sid chroot
sudo sbuild-createchroot --include apt-transport-https,ca-certificates sid /srv/chroots/sid http://deb.debian.org/debian/
# Create stretch chroot
sudo sbuild-createchroot --include apt-transport-https,ca-certificates stretch /srv/chroots/stretch http://deb.debian.org/debian/
 
# If you use /etc/hosts to resolve *.internal.softwareheritage.org hosts
echo hosts >> /etc/schroot/sbuild/nssdatabases
 
=== schroot setup ===
 
Now that the sbuild base setup is done. You now need to configure schroot to use an overlay filesystem, which will avoid copying the chroots at each build.
 
You need to update the configuration (in <tt>/etc/schroot/chroot.d/*-sbuild-*</tt>) with the following directives:
 
source-groups=root,sbuild
source-root-groups=root,sbuild
union-type=overlay
 
This allows the sbuild group to edit the contents of the source chroot (for instance to update it) and sets up the overlay.
 
You should also use this opportunity to add "aliases" to your chroot, so that sbuild will directly support the distributions we're using (unstable-swh, jessie-backports-swh):
 
For unstable:
aliases=unstable-amd64-sbuild,UNRELEASED-amd64-sbuild,unstable-swh-amd64-sbuild
 
For stretch:
aliases=stable-amd64-sbuild,stable-backports-amd64-sbuild,stretch-swh-amd64-sbuild,stretch-backports-amd64-sbuild,stretch-backports-swh-amd64-sbuild
 
==== dependencies cache ====
 
Add the following line to schroot's fstab /etc/schroot/sbuild/fstab
to permit reuse of existing fetched dependencies:
 
/var/cache/apt/archives /var/cache/apt/archives none rw,bind 0 0
 
You can also run apt-cacher-ng, which will avoid locking issues when several chroots try to access the package cache at once. You then need to add the proxy configuration to apt by adding a file in <tt>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d</tt> on each chroot
 
=== schroot update ===
 
You should update your chroot environments once in a while (to avoid repeating over and over the same step during your package build):
 
  sudo sbuild-update -udcar sid; sudo sbuild-update -udcar stretch; sudo sbuild-update -ud jessie
 
=== environment setup ===
 
The Debian tools use a few variables to preset your name and email. Add this to your <tt>.<shell>rc</tt>
 
export DEBFULLNAME="Debra Hacker"
export DEBEMAIL=debra.hacker@example.com
 
Make sure this data matches an uid for your GPG key. Else, you can use the <tt>DEBSIGN_KEYID=<yourfullkeyid></tt> variable.
(Future version of gpg2, e.g. 2.2.5 can refuse to sign with the short key id).
 
=== overlay in tmpfs for faster builds ===
 
You can add this to your fstab to put the overlay hierarchy in RAM:
 
  tmpfs /var/lib/schroot/union/overlay tmpfs uid=root,gid=root,mode=0750,nr_inodes=0  0  0
 
=== Base packages ===
 
In order not to reinstall the same packages every time, it is also reasonable to install debhelper, python3 and python3-all in the chroot.
 
'''If you do so, do not use these chroots to upload to Debian itself!'''
 
 
[[Category:Software development]]
[[Category:System administration]]

Latest revision as of 07:55, 27 October 2021

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